The variety of centrifuges is becoming increasingly diverse.

　　 Centrifuge With the ever-increasing demands from the pharmaceutical industry and research institutions, centrifuges have become increasingly diverse in types. Since their inception, centrifuges have undergone a series of developments—from low-speed to adjustable-speed and then to high-speed models. These advancements have primarily been reflected in two key areas: centrifuge design and centrifugation technology, both of which complement each other. Due to their simple structure, low cost, and compact size, benchtop centrifuges quickly became standard laboratory equipment. Almost all domestic and international centrifuge manufacturers now produce benchtop centrifuges.
　　The centrifuge speed measurement system offers three different detection and control modes: automatic detection, local control, and remote control. Typically, the system operates in automatic detection mode; local control and remote control modes are selected by process operators during accident handling or when analyzing the centrifuge’s performance. When operating in automatic detection mode, the system automatically connects all sensors sequentially for inspection. During the second inspection cycle, it generates OB signals (single-unit desynchronization) and OP signals (single-unit equipment failure). In the third inspection cycle, it produces FB signals (group desynchronization), FP signals (group equipment failure), A3 signals (emergency protection), and CH signals (fault signals), thereby executing emergency protection commands and sending alarm signals to the central control room. When operating in local control mode, process operators can choose between automatic and manual inspection modes. In automatic inspection mode, the system automatically connects all sensors sequentially for inspection, generating OB, OP, FB, FP, and A3 signals that are displayed locally, while CH and CT signals are sent to the central control room. In manual inspection mode, operators manually select sensor addresses for inspection. Centrifuge The frequency and power supply frequency; sensor shielding and unshielding; automatic identification of the addresses and quantities of sensors that generate signal OB and OP.
　　Follow the specific operating instructions for each type of centrifuge. Select appropriate centrifuge tubes based on the properties and volume of the liquid to be centrifuged. Some centrifuge tubes are open-top; do not fill them beyond capacity to prevent spillage during centrifugation, which could lead to rotor imbalance, rusting, or corrosion. For preparative ultracentrifuge tubes, however, it is often required to fill them completely to avoid deformation and collapse of the upper portion of the plastic tubes during centrifugation. After each use, carefully inspect the rotor, promptly clean and dry it thoroughly. The rotor is a critical component that requires special protection within the centrifuge. Handle it with care during movement—avoid any impacts or collisions that could cause scratches. If the rotor is not used for an extended period, apply a layer of polishing wax for protection. Never use centrifuge tubes that show significant deformation, damage, or signs of aging.
　　When using various centrifuges, it is essential to precisely balance the centrifuge tubes and their contents on a balance beforehand. The weight difference during balancing must not exceed the range specified in the instruction manual for each centrifuge. Each Centrifuge Different rotors have their own allowable tolerances. It is absolutely forbidden to load an odd number of tubes into a rotor. When the rotor is only partially loaded, the tubes must be arranged symmetrically opposite each other within the rotor to ensure that the load is evenly distributed around the rotor’s circumference.